Nigeria
The Federal Republic of Nigeria, one of the most famous areas in the African continent, exhibits a long and extensive history dating back to 9000 B.C. Nigeria borders the Benin Republic, Cameroon, Niger, and Chad. With its southern coastlines boarding the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic, the country enjoys a great topography variety.
In 1960, Nigeria achieved its independence from Great Britain, forming over 36 states and the territory of its national capital. The democratic government shares the balance of power between the executive and legislative National Assembly branches. The historical capital for the Nigerian capital was formerly located in the southern city of Lagos, but was moved in 1991 to its current location in Abuja.
As the most populous country in Africa, Nigeria has one of the highest growth and fertility rates in the world, according to the United Nations. Over 250 ethnic groups with different cultures, religions, and languages live in Nigeria, and there are over 521 languages spoken in the country.
With a large economic resource base from petroleum, Nigeria holds the 12th rank for oil petroleum production and the 8th rank for petroleum export in the entire world. However, with resource mismanagement and diminishing infrastructure, its petroleum production is not at full, optimal levels. Nigeria also is a country rich in mineral resources, but the mining industry has not yet been developed in the country.
Ethiopia
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, which is positioned in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia shares its borders with Eritrea, Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti, and Somalia. As one of the oldest countries in the entire world, Ethiopia is an important region in understanding the process of human evolution.
Ethiopia’s topography contains tall, rugged mountains, tropical forests, and arid deserts; its location kept Ethiopia a historically isolated mountain empire, but beginning with its signing in 1923 joining the League of Nations and through its founding of the UN headquarters of Africa in Ethiopia, this country has contributed a great deal of political influence.
The diverse population contains over 70 distinct linguistic and ethnic groups of people. Its partially privatized economy has gained significant growth since 1993, when the transfer to gradual privatization began. 41% of the country’s GDP comes from the agricultural industry, with coffee as the largest export crop.
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